5.2 Pre-test The pre-test is performed for identifying initial failed samples. The gate current is measured at the applied use voltage. If the measured current is larger than the defined criterion, then that sample is rejected as an initial failed sample. When obtaining the defective distribution is necessary, the CVS test without pre-test may be effective. In this case the pre-test can be omitted. 5.3 Test conditions 5.3.1 General The following test condition is recommended for the TDDB test. The sample size should be selected to provide the necessary confidence level for the application. 5.3.2 Electric field V stress shall...

3.1 5 random fault non-systematic fault of hardware components NOTE Faults of hardware components are a consequence of physical or chemical effects, which may occur at any time. A good description of the probability of the occurrence of random faults can be given using statistics (fault rate). Increased fault rates may be the consequence of systematic faults in hardware design or manufacture, if these occur without temporal correlation, for example as a consequence of premature ageing. 3.1 6 signal trajectory time histories of all equipment conditions, internal states, input signals and operator inputs which determine the outputs of a system...

3.1 .1 04 successive fault additional earth fault that occurs in the adjacent phase circuit(s) during the time interval between a single-phase earth fault and the opening of the high-speed earthing switch(es) 3.2 Assemblies of switchgear and controlgear No particular definitions. 3.3 Parts of assemblies No particular definitions. 3.4 Switching devices 6.1 05.3 Arrangement of HSES before the test The HSES under test shall be completely mounted on its own support or on a mechanically equivalent test support. Its operating device shall be operated in the manner prescribed and, in particular, if it is electrically, hydraulically or pneumatically operated, it...

4 General 4.1 Development Compliance with IEC 62304 requires identification of HAZARDS , assessment of their RISKS , and appropriate verification and validation of RISK CONTROLS . Demonstration of compliance with the requirements of this standard shall be included as part of the above processes, with explicit reference to each requirement of this standard. Compliance data shall be retained by the MANUFACTURER as a permanent record. Each test shall include a protocol containing all the necessary input data, sufficient detail to provide for exact reproducibility, and the expected result. A statement of compliance to this standard shall be included in...

4.2.2.2 Blank detail specifications The blank detail specification lists all of the parameters and features applicable to a fibre optic circulator, including the type, operating characteristics, housing configurations, test methods, and performance requirements. The blank detail specification is applicable to any fibre optic circulator design and quality assessment requirement. The blank detail specification contains the preferred format for stating the required information in the detail specification. Blank detail specifications are not, by themselves, a specification level. They are associated with the generic specification. Each blank detail specification shall be limited to one environmental category. Each blank detail specification shall contain:...

5 Measurement procedure 5.1 Choose and record appropriate conditions for measurement The ideal conditions for an outdoor I-V curve test are clear skies (no clouds and no fog) and little wind. Variable irradiance and wind both introduce temperature transients in the array that confound the accuracy of the measurements. In practice, time and contractual constraints limit the periods in which it is possible to perform a test. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the person(s) conducting the test to ensure that all tests are performed under the most stable conditions possible, and that special attention is given to noting variable...

For the determination of the screening attenuation, the tracking generator output has to be connected to the DUT instead of the input antenna and the measurement sequence from the first step is repeated. Then the screening attenuation simply can be calculated by subtracting the result from the first step from the one of the second step. This can either be done in a post processing step as well as by using the thru-calibration of modern spectrum analysers with build in tracking generators (therefore the first step is used to calibrate the system). To check the maximum dynamic range, the DUT...

5 General requirements 5.1 Principles of selection of data communication techniques and equipment The communications equipment shall meet requirements for systems performing category A functions. NOTE To ensure acceptability for nuclear applications one of the following principles for selection of data communication techniques and equipment can be applied: • use of protocols implementing safety features; • use of industrial standard protocols with added safety layers; • use of protocols where higher protocol layers implementing unsafe or not needed functionality are removed or replaced by ones with reduced and safe functionality. The hardware and the software shall be qualified, see Clause...

3.1.4 Routine test 3.1.4.1 Reproducibility tests shall be performed by checking the system response calibration at least once in every week of use with at least one long-lived radioactive checking source with energies that span the region of interest. Correction for radioactive decay of the source since its calibration shall be applied. 3.1.4.2 The response calibration of an idle system when returned to use shall be checked at least semi-annually by using reference sources of radionuclides that span the energy region of interest. 3.1.4.3 The background level of the system shall be measured immediately before and after each batch of...

The test is carried out with the control adjusted to the maximum setting and the temperature rises are measured when steady conditions are established or at the end of a cycle of operation. The average temperature rise is calculated from all the measurements. The difference between the maximum and minimum temperature rises is also calculated. NOTE If there is more than one heated area, the calculations are made for each heated area separately. The uniformity factor is calculated, being the percentage of the heated area which is within ± 2 K of the average temperature rise. The evenness of temperature...